4000aB.P. EVENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGIN OF ANCIENT CHINESE CIVILIZATION--《Quaternary Sciences》2001年05期

《Quaternary Sciences》 2001-05

4000aB.P. EVENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGIN OF ANCIENT CHINESE CIVILIZATION

Wu Wenxiang Liu Tungsheng (Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029)

The emergence of civilization, one of great marks in the history of human evolution, remains one of the hottest topic in the world. Many theories have been put forword to explain its causes and mechanisms. Although the development of complex society has its own developmental traces, the role of environment change in the development of civilization should not be ignored. The 4?000aB.P. cold event, which may be the coldest period since the Younger Dryas cold period, signifies the changes from the early Holocene climate optimum to late Holocene in many regions of the world. An important consequence of the 4?000aB.P. cold event was the great migration of the Indo European peoples from north Europe to other parts of the world, and collapse of ancient civilization in Egypt, Indus and the Mesopotamian. In China, 4?000 aB.P. cold event witnessed the collapse of six Neolithic cultures. More important than that is the emergence of Chinese civilization during the same period. Many theories explain why it was in central plains area not other places that gave rise to civilization. For now no theory could explain it satisfyingly, however. It seems that war has played a very important role in the emergence of civilization. Carneiro sees two conditions as essential to the formation of complex societies in concert with warfare, i. e., population growth and environmental circumscription. It was generally thought that China couldn′t evolved into the environmental circumscription and population pressure because China has extensive areas to live. But that depends on situations. The environmental circumscription area was formed due to the 4?000aB.P. cold event and companied flooding disasters. While the population pressure is formed due to three factors: (1) population grow rapidly because of the suitable environment provided by the Holocene Optimum (7?000～4?000aB.P.) and thus laid its foundations for the ancient human population; (2) population pressure is also related to the primitive agricultural level characterized by extensive not intensive cultivation; (3) population pressure was mainly related to the great migrations to the same areas. When population pressure is formed, war is the most frequent way to solve the conflict between population and the limited cultivated land and then resulted in the formation of civilization. In this way the climate change during the 4?000aB.P. cold event may have facilitated the emergence of ancient Chinese civilization.

【Key Words】： cold event ancient Chinese civilization
【Fund】：国家自然科学基金 (批准号 :4 9894 1 70 )资助重大项目
【CateGory Index】： P532

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10 Hits

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2	Qin Dahe (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Academic Sinica) Feng Zhaodong and Li Jijun (Department of Geology and Geography, Lanzhou University);Discussion on the Fluctuation and the Environment Since Main Würm Glaciation in the Headwater of Urumqi River Tianshan[J];Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology;1984-03
3	Zhang Xiangsong, Sun Zuozhe, Zhang Jinhua and Kang Xingcheng (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Academia Sinica);Some Relationships of the Fluctuation of Glacier No.1 with Climatic Change at the Source of Urumqi River, Tianshan[J];Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology;1984-04
4	Chen Jiyang (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Academia Sirica);General Situation of Lichenometry Research Abroad[J];Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology;1984-04
5	Chen Jiyang (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Chinese Academy of Sciences);The Division of the Holocene Moraine Strata and Their Chronology in Western Mountainous Area of China[J];Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology;1987-04
6	Cui Zhijiu, Yi Chaolu and Yan Jinfu (Department of Geography, Peking University);Quaternary Glaciations in the Halasi River Catchment and its Surroundings in the Altai Mountains in Xingjiang, China[J];Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology;1992-04
7	Li Shijie and Li Shude (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Academia Sinica);Quaternary Glacial and Environmental Changes in the Region of Hoh Xil, Qinghai Province[J];Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology;1992-04
8	YANG HUAI-JEN CHIU SHU-CHANG(Department of Geography, Nanking University);QUARTERNARY GLACIATION AND THE POSTGLACIALCLIMATIC FLUCTUATIONS IN THE REGION OFUPPER URUMCHI VALLEY SINKIANG[J];Acta Geographica Sinica;1965-03
9	Xu Xin (Nanjing University) Zhu Ming-lun (Unit 00933 of the P. L. A.);THE VEGETATIONAL AND CLIMATIC CHANGES IN THE ZHENJIANG REGION SINCE 15 000 YEARS B. P.[J];Acta Geographica Sinica;1984-03
10	Huang Guangqing(Department of Earth Sciences,The University of Hong Kong, Hong KongGuangzhou Institute of Geography,Guangzhou 510070);NEOLITHIC CULTURE AND PALEOGEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT IN THE ZHUJIANG DELTA[J];ACTA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA;1996-06

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