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《Acta Ecologica Sinica》 2004-07
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The comparison studies of ecological and water regulation characteristics of Caragana microphylla and Caragana stenophylla

MA Cheng-Cang~(1, 2), GAO Yu-Bao~1, JIANG Fu-Quan~2, WANG Jin-Long~1, GUO Hong-Yu~1, WU Jian-Bo~1, SU Dan~1 (1.College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071,China; 2.Department of Biology, Huaibei Coal Normal College, Huaibei 235000, China).  
The studies of specific evolution of genus Caragana demonstrate that pinnately compound leaf group is preliminary, and pseudo-palmately compound leaf group belongs to the relative evolved. Pinnately compound leaf group gradually evolved into pseudo-palmately compound leaf group with the increase in the degree of drought. This point of view is based on studies of the geographical distribution and the morphological characteristics of plants, but lacks physiological and biochemical proof. The characteristics of geographical distribution, growth and development, morphological structure, osmotic adjustment, and water metabolism of Caragana microphylla (a typical species of pinnately compound leaf group), and Caragana stenophylla ((a typical) species of pseudo-palmately compound leaf group), were compared and studied in this paper. First, by comparing the geographical distribution, growth and development of C. microphylla and C. stenophylla, we found that C. microphylla was distributed in the sub-humid and semi-arid regions from the east in Hulunbeier (124.00°E) to the west in Damao Banner (110.43°E). The most adaptive region for growth and development was Xilinhaote, which had climate conditions as (following: 281mm) annual precipitation, 2.35℃ annual average temperature, 2932h sun time, and 3.70% soil water content. (C. stenophylla) was distributed in the semi-arid and intensive drought regions from the east in Xilinhaote (116.07°E) to the west in Alashan (98°E). The most adaptive region for growth and development was Alashan, which had climate conditions as following: 110mm annual precipitation, 7.80℃ annual average temperature, 3200h sun time, and 1.73% soil water content. These characters of geographical distribution, growth and development demonstrated that C. stenophylla adapted better to arid environment than C. microphylla. Second, by comparing the morphological structure of these two species of Caragana, we found that the leaf of C. microphylla was flat with green villi, while the leaf of C. stenophylla was tile-shaped with offwhite villi, the ratios of thickness to area and length to width of C. stenophylla were greater than those of C. microphylla, and the leaf biomass of C. stenophylla was less than that of C. microphylla. These observations suggested that C. stenophylla was more capable of water retention than C. microphylla. Third, we compared the osmotic adjustment ability of these two species of plants. The osmotic adjustment substances content of C. stenophylla was higher than that of C. microphylla, and thus cell osmotic potential was lower than that of C. microphylla. In terms of osmotic adjustment substances, the soluble proteins, free amino acids and organic acids content of C. microphylla were higher than those of C. stenophylla. To the contrary, the soluble sugars and inorganic ions content of C. stenophylla were higher than those of C. microphylla. Water content and free water content of C. stenophylla were lower than those of C. microphylla, while the bound water content and the ratio of bound water to free water of the former was higher than those of the latter. The leaf water potential of C. stenophylla was lower than that of C. microphylla. All these characteristics indicated that C. stenophyll had higher osmotic adjustment ability than (C. microphylla.) Fourth, the comparison of water metabolism of these two plants showed that the transpiration rate and daily cumulative value of transpiration of C. stenophylla were lower than those of C. microphylla, while the water use efficiency of C. stenophylla was higher than that of C. microphylla. As a result, owing to the morphological variation of leaves, more effective osmotic adjustment ability and lower transpiration rate, C. stenophylla, which grew in semi-arid and intensive drought regions, retained water better than C. microphylla, which grew in sub-humid and semi-arid regions. From this study, arrived at two main conclusions: (1) Morphological structures and water regulation characteristics of C. microphylla and (C. stenophylla) were adaptab
【Key Words】： C. microphylla C. stenophylla geographical distribution growth and development morphological structure osmotic adjustment water metabolism drought adaptation
【Fund】： 国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 ( G2 0 0 0 0 1860 1)~~
【CateGory Index】： Q948.1
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