Stereoscopic exploration model for multi-cycle superimposed basins in China

HE Dengfa1 LI Desheng2 TONG Xiaoguang3(1.Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution & Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of the Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China; 2.Petrochina Exploration and Development Research Institute,Beijing 100083,China; 3.China Oversea Oil Development Company,Beijing 100034,China)  

The Chinese mainland is made up of a number of micro-continental blocks and has experienced a long-term and multi-stage development. A series of multi-cycle superimposed sedimentary basins have been developed because it has been located in the concurrent position of global geodynamic systems for a long period of time. In those basins,hydrocarbon source rocks of the marine facies,transitional facies and continental facies become mature differently with the development of thermal systems,being characteristic of multistage generation and expulsion. Marine carbonate rocks,volcanic rocks and clastic rocks developed into effective reservoirs via diagenesis and structural modification,and they,combined with gypsum and salt,gypsiferous mudstones and mudstones,formed many sets of reservoir-cap assemblages. Hydrocarbons migrated along unconformities and fractural zones and accumulated in a number of stratigraphic horizons under multiple stages. Influenced by all the Cenozoic structural tectonic movements,hydrocarbons accumulated in the late period or after the adjustment in the late period. Hydrocarbons are abundant in uplift zones,slope zones,fractural zones or unconformity surface related to traps. Hydrocarbon accumulations in multiple horizons and of various types have led to a number of peak periods for oil and gas discoveries. With hydrocarbon exploration efforts made in the past six decades,a series of large and medium-size oil and gas fields have been found not only in continental formations but also in underlying transitional and marine formations,such as Sulige,Jingbian,Tahe,Puguang and Longgang. Some large oil and gas fields were also discovered in deep-seated volcanic rocks of basins,such as Xushen,Kelameili and Niudong. These prospecting activities have a trend of stereoscopic,comprehensive and integrated explorations. "Stereoscopic exploration" refers to exploring different pay provinces,different stratigraphic layers and different types of hydrocarbon reservoirs in a superimposed basin integratively and comprehensively. The depth of stereoscopic exploration can be 0~10,000 meters and horizontally stereoscopic exploration is beyond the overlying continental basin boundary and extends to hydrocarbons of different genetic types. The established theories,with the Chinese characteristics,on progressive exploration and development,composite hydrocarbon reservoirs and composite accumulation provinces (zones) are initially composed of the rudiment of "stereoscopic exploration" theory. The developing petroleum geology theory on multi-cycle superimposed basins has laid a theoretical foundation for "stereoscopic exploration" while the latest applicable technologies in the fields of modern geophysics,drilling,oil testing and oil production serve as bridges for the application of "stereoscopic exploration." The thinking and practice of "stereoscopic exploration" offer an important guarantee for future high-efficiency oil and gas explorations in the seven major areas in China,including highly explored areas,lithologic strata,foreland basins,middle-lower assemblages of superimposed basins,new onshore basins,offshore areas,and non-conventional oil and gas resources.

【Fund】： 国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.40739906);; 国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2006CB202300)联合资助
【CateGory Index】： P618.13

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