Sensation of pressure and coping style of farmer-workers

Shen Li-min, Shi Lin-song, Zeng Ji, Qiu Xiang, Zhang Yan, School of Educational Science and Technology, Huzhou Teachers College, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China  

AIM: To study the characteristics of pressure and coping style of farmer-workers in different age, sex and cultural education. METHODS: 240 farmer-workers with different type of work of Huzhou City were selected randomly as observational objects from April to October 2004. ① Self-made inventory was used to survey general condition, including age, sex and education. ② Self-made farmer-worker pressure event scale was adopted to measure the pressures of farmer-workers. The scale contained 8 sub-scales (or named 8 kinds of sources of pressures): pressure of family, pressure of contradiction, pressure of salary and load, pressure of value and esteem, pressure of human relation, pressure of economic load, pressure of rights and interests and pressure of town adaptation. Whether a certain pressure event having occurred or not and its effect were chosen by farmer-workers. Five-point assessment was used, 1.0-1.5 points as no pressure, 1.5-2.5 points as mild pressure, 2.5-3.5 points as moderate pressure, 3.5-4.5 points as severe pressure and over 4.5 points as extremely severe pressure. ③ Self-made farmer-worker coping style questionnaire was used to test the coping style of farmer-worker, composing 68 items and 9 coping style factors: Solving problem, self-blame, rationalization, asking for help, pipe dreams, keeping out of the way, transferring attentiveness, aggression and depression. Every item had two answers: "yes" or "no". For the three items, answering "no" as 1 point and answering "yes" as 0 point for other items, answering "yes" as 1 point and answering "no" as 0 point. Persons with lower cultured education made the self-evaluation after reading the question and giving explanation by investigator. Persons with higher cultured education filled out the questionnaire solely. The investigators who were the students and teachers from Huzhou Teachers College were given the same training before the investigation. RESULTS: 240 questionnaires were sent out, and 218 qualified questionnaires were received with the 90.8% effective rate. ① The highest sources of pressures of the farmer-workers were pressure caused by protection of their rights and interests, economic burden, and working condition load. The number of farmer-workers who realized the pressure of over moderate or over severe degree accounted for 18.8% and 3.3%, respectively. ② Pressures of value and esteem with rights and protection in the less than 29 years group were higher significantly than those in the 30-39 years group and over 40 years group. Pressure of contradiction and pressure of town adaptation in the illiteracy group were higher that those in the less than middle school farmer-workers and over high school farmer-workers. Pressure of value and esteem in illiteracy and over high school farmer-workers was higher than that in the less than middle school farmer-workers. Pressure of human relation in the over high school farmer-workers was higher than that in the less than middle school farmer-workers. The general pressure of the illiteracy group was higher than that in the less than middle school farmer-workers. ③ The common coping styles of farmer-workers when facing frustration, predicament and pressure were solving problems, transferring attentiveness, asking for help and depression. ④ Males mainly used transferring attentiveness as compared with females. People in the 30-39 years group used solving problems as compared with the less than 29 years group and over 40 years group. People in the 30-39 years group used rationalization and pipe dreams as compared with the over 40 years group. People in the less than 29 years group and 30-39 years group adopted transferring attentiveness and aggression as compared with the over 40 years group. Adopting rate of rationalization and depression in the analphabetic farmer-workers was higher than that in the less than middle school farmer-workers. The less than middle school farmer-workers adopted keeping out of the way rarely as compared with the illiteracy and over high school farmer-workers. CONCLUSION: The highest pressures of the farmer-workers are pressure of their rights and interests, economic burden, with working salary and load, followed by pressure of town adaptation, value and esteem, human relation, contradiction and family. Parts of farmer-workers have over moderate and severe pressure. Farmer-workers always adopt more active coping style when facing frustration, predicament and pressure, mainly using solving problem, transferring attentiveness, asking for help and depression.

【Key Words】：
【Fund】： 湖州师范学院教科院《心理咨询课程群》建设经费的资助~~
【CateGory Index】： B849
【DOI】： cnki:ISSN:1671-5926.0.2005-48-006

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